地理与地理信息科学

建筑高度是描述城市三维结构变化的重要指标，对全面分析城市形态、支持城市规划和可持续发展至关重要。以往研究侧重城市范围动态及建筑高度测绘，针对长时间、大范围、多过程的城市垂直结构变化的研究较少，尤其缺乏对城市更新过程中建筑高度变化的系统刻画。本文基于3D-GloBFP建筑物高度数据、GAUD不透水面数据及Landsat时序数据，构建一套将城市更新纳入城市变化检测的分析框架，并设计一种在高度检测过程中同步估算城市更新高度的方法，从城市扩张和城市更新两方面分析1985—2020年珠三角城市群年度建筑高度的时空变化。研究结果显示：(1)城市更新变化年份识别结果可靠(建筑物拆除和重建的总体精度分别为94%和92.86%,误报率分别为7.16%和5.44%),重建高度与安居客网站提供的参考高度较好吻合(R²为0.76,RMSE和MAE分别为3.05 m和2.25 m);(2)珠三角城市群早期倾向于快速水平扩张，后期以垂直增长为主；(3)城市群内部不同城市的建筑体积增长存在明显差异，经济更发达的城市出现多个高度集聚中心；(4)珠三角整体城市建筑体积的增速快于人口增速，但这种不平衡在不同城市有明显差异。本文研究可为从三维建筑动态角度理解不同城市化阶段提供支撑，并在能源消耗、建筑碳排放及心理健康等城市可持续发展领域具有应用潜力。

Building height dynamics is a critical indicator of changes in the three-dimensional structure of cities, playing an essential role in comprehensively analyzing urban morphology and supporting sustainable urban planning and development.Previous studies have primarily focused on urban extent dynamics and building height mapping, while long-term, large-scale, multi-process changes in urban vertical structure have received relatively little attention.In particular, systematic characterization of building height variations associated with urban renewal remains lacking.Based on 3D-GloBFP building height data, GAUD impervious surface data, and Landsat time-series data, this study constructs an analytical framework that incorporates urban renewal into urban change detection and develops a method to simultaneously estimate building height changes associated with urban renewal during the height detection process.Using this framework, we analyze the spatiotemporal changes in annual building height in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration from 1985 to 2020 from the perspectives of both urban expansion and urban renewal.The results are shown as follows.(1) The identification of urban renewal change years is reliable(The overall accuracy for building demolition and reconstruction is 94% and 92.86%,while their false alarm rates are 7.16% and 5.44%,respectively);the reconstructed building heights agree well with reference heights from the Anjuke website(R²=0.76,RMSE=3.05 m, MAE=2.25 m).(2) The Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration experienced rapid horizontal expansion in its early stage and subsequently shifted predominantly to vertical growth.(3) Building volume growth varies significantly among different cities within the urban agglomeration, with more economically developed cities exhibiting multiple centers of height agglomeration.(4) The growth rate of overall urban building volume in the Pearl River Delta exceeds that of population growth, yet this imbalance differs significantly across cities.This study provides insights into understanding different stages of urbanization from the perspective of three-dimensional building dynamics and holds potential for applications in urban sustainability domains such as energy consumption, building carbon emissions, and mental health.