地理与地理信息科学

基于宁波市涉海企业工商登记数据，首先引入机器学习领域的文本分类算法识别各企业在海洋产业中的细分行业类别，进而通过核密度估计和标准差椭圆等分析1992—2022年宁波市海洋产业中各细分行业的空间布局与演化特征，并探究涉海企业选址与全球化、地方化关联过程之间的逻辑关系，最后利用地理探测器分析影响海洋产业布局的因素。结果表明：(1)研究期内宁波市海洋产业各细分行业核心区数量增加，集聚核心区体系的规模秩序提升且趋于稳定，集聚程度均有提高，行业间的空间关联关系显现，各行业核心区与社会经济实体间存在稳固的匹配关系；(2)宁波市海洋产业集群化的过程是本地涉海企业参与全球化和地方化的过程，市场和制度环境优化促使要素配置水平提高，地方文化和企业家精神推动行业创新，经济活动嵌入社会网络后加强了行业空间集聚路径的依赖，区位条件的改变和专业化分工成为海洋产业空间布局调整的重要动力，经济全球化对涉海企业空间格局调整的灵活性具有深刻影响；(3)行政可达性、城镇化水平和交通便利程度是影响产业布局的重要因素，经济联系密切的产业在空间上相互影响，影响因素交互会加大对产业空间格局的解释力。

Based on the corporate registration data of marine enterprises in Ningbo, the text classification algorithms were introduced to identify the sub-industry categories of the marine industry.Subsequently, the methods such as kernel density estimation and standard deviational ellipse were adopted to analyzed the spatial layout and evolutionary characteristics of the sub-industries of the marine industry in Ningbo from 1992 to 2022.Furthermore, the logical relationship between location selection of marine enterprises and the process of globalization and localization was explored.Finally, Geodetector was used to quantitatively examine the location factors that affect the layout of the marine industry.It is found as follows.(1) During the study period, the spatial pattern and evolution of various sub-industries are marked by an increase in the number of core areas, improved and stabilized scale order of the agglomeration core systems, an improvement of the agglomeration degree for various sub-industries, the prominent spatial correlation between sub-industries, and the stable matching relationship between the core areas of various sub-industries and socio-economic entities.(2) The clustering of Ningbo′s marine industries is driven by the involvement of local marine enterprises in both globalization and localization, with market and institutional environment optimization enhancing the level of factor allocation, local culture and entrepreneurial spirit fostering innovation, and the embedding of economic activities in social networks reinforcing spatial agglomeration path dependence.Changes in locational conditions and specialized division of labor are pivotal drivers for adjusting the spatial layout of the marine industry, while economic globalization has profoundly influenced the flexibility of spatial pattern adjustments in marine enterprises.(3) Administrative accessibility, urbanization level, and transportation convenience are crucial factors affecting industrial layout.The sub-industries with close economic ties have mutual influence in space, and the interaction of influencing factors enhances the explanatory power of industrial spatial pattern.