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传统的产业集群理论和集群概念主要应用于分析制造业和高新技术产业,而对于旅游业是否存在集群一直存在争议。证明旅游集群的存在是运用集群理论研究并指导目的地发展的前提。分析旅游业具备集群存在的两个先决条件(聚集和产业联系),即旅游目的地企业有明显的空间聚集特征,且在为旅游者提供产品和服务的过程中相互协作、发生密切的产业联系;阐述旅游业具有创新性,从集群产生的效应角度证明旅游产业集群的存在;列举国外比较成功的旅游集群案例,并总结其对我国旅游产业集群发展的启示。
Abstract：Traditionally,industry cluster theories and concept are used to study on manufacture and hi-tech industry.The question of whether tourism industry is clustering has always been disputed.The existing of tourism cluster must be illustrated before applying cluster approach to study and direct tourism destination development.Firstly,this paper analyzed that the destinations are evidently characterized with spatial concentration and those enterprises locating in one destination collaborating with each other to package and offer a complete and holistic range of tourism products and services.Then,the innovative characteristic of tourism industry was discussed and the existing of tourism cluster from the perspective of cluster effects was illustrated.Finally,three cases of successful tourism clusters overseas were given to illustrate that it is necessary to develop cluster stratagem and intensify the study of tourism cluster policy,which can impel destination sustainable development.
[1]王缉慈.创新的空间:企业集群与区域发展[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2001.
[2]王缉慈.我国制造业集群分布现状及其发展特征[J].地域研究与开发,2003(6):29-33.
[3]骆静,聂鸣.产业集群及其政策研究述评[J].科学管理研究,2003(2):52-55.
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①OECD.Innovative Clusters Drivers of National Innovation Systems,Enterprise,Industry and Services,Paris,2001.
②World Bank.Electronic Conference on Clusters.Washington,2000.
③国际上一直存在着狭义的产业集群概念与宽泛的产业集群概念之争,有关内容见王缉慈的《解读产业集群》,收录在《中国产业集群(第1辑)》,工业机械出版社,2005.
④NORDINS.Tourism Clustering&Innovation-Paths to EconomicGrowth&Development.Report of National Programfor Development of Innova-tion Systems and Clusters,2003.
⑤South African Tourism Cluster Study.http://www.nedlac.org.za/research/fridge/south_african_tourism_cluster_st.htm.
⑥KLAUS W,CAROLINE S.New Tourism Clusters in the Field ofSports and Health:The Case of Alpine Wellness.12th International Tourismand Leisure SymposiumBarcelona,Ernathy,2003.
基本信息:
中图分类号:F590
引用信息:
[1]尹贻梅,刘志高.旅游产业集群存在的条件及效应探讨[J].地理与地理信息科学,2006(06):98-102.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(70402007);; 中国地质大学(武汉)资源环境经济研究中心开放基金(2004A0017)
2006-11-30
2006-11-30