地理与地理信息科学

绿地公园对于城市防灾减灾发挥着重要应急避难作用,其空间布局的合理性直接影响到城市综合减灾效益。基于空间可达性理论和防灾避难要求,采用2SFCA模型和ArcGIS集成技术,定量研究上海中心城区公园的应急避难服务与居民避难需求之间的平衡关系。结果表明:当避难可达距离d0为500² 000 m时,公园避难可达性呈现"中心地区弱、边缘地区强"的趋势;当d0为1 500 m时,现有城市公园避难服务范围达最大,服务人口比重达22.9%;城市公园空间布局及规模与人口分布格局不匹配是影响避难可达性空间分布差异的主要因素;适当增设学校、广场等作为避难空间以及合理设置公园的避难服务半径和规划专门的避难道路等有利于改善上海中心城区居民避难的可达性。

Park in urban disaster prevention and mitigation process plays an important role of emergency refuge,and the rationality of spatial layout for parks has a direct impact on the comprehensive disaster mitigation benefits.Based on the theory of space accessibility and refuge request of disaster prevention,using the integrative way of 2SFCA model and ArcGIS technology,this paper has a quantitative study on the balance relationship between the existing service of emergency refuge of the inner-city parks and refuge demand of residents in Shanghai.The results showed that:when d0 is at range of 500 m to 2 000 m,accessibility from resident to park reflects situation that weaker in the center and stronger on the edge,there is great difference on the spacial distribution of the accessibility,when d0 to 1 500 m,the refuge accessibility of city park reach the maximum.It is about 22.9% of the total population can get the service.Park space layout or size of the population mismatches people's distribution pattern mainly leads to the great difference of the spatial distribution in asylum accessibility.Appropriate additional schools and square as shelters,setting up reasonable radius of asylum services and planning special refuge roads is conducive to improving the refuge accessibility of inner-city residents in Shanghai.