地理与地理信息科学

该文以黄河中游为研究区，以521个国家级传统村落为样本，综合运用数理统计、空间统计和区划方法，沿“分异特征—分类归因—分区防治”主线，开展乡村人口空心化实证研究。研究发现：(1)黄河中游传统村落人口空心化的区域分异和类型分异特征明显，高值区环山西省界、低值区聚河谷盆地，空心化程度越深的村落分布范围越广、分布重心越偏北、分布热点越边缘。(2)空心村的形成因子因村落类型而异，随村落空心化程度加深而明显增多，包含防范因子和治理因子2种，涉及生态环境、资源禀赋、经济收入和区位交通4个维度；空心村调控需有防有治、综合施策、因类制宜，遵循“深度治、中度防、轻度防治兼顾”导向。(3)传统村落人口空心化既需因村分类防治，也需因县分区防治。依据空心村分布和空心化格局特征，黄河中游县域可划分为防范区、监控区、一般治理区、重点治理区、示范治理区5类防治区，并提出差异化防治策略。

Taking the middle reaches of the Yellow River as the study area and 521 national-level traditional villages as samples, this paper uses mathematical statistics, spatial statistics and zoning methods to carry out empirical research on rural population hollowing along the main line of "differentiation characteristics, classification attribution and zoning for the prevention and governance".It is found as follows.(1) In the middle reaches of the Yellow River, the regional and typological heterogeneity of population hollowing in the traditional villages is obvious.The high-value areas are around the Shanxi provincial boundary, while low-value areas are gathered in river valleys and basins.Villages with a higher degree of hollowing have a wider distribution range, a more northerly distribution center of gravity, and more marginal distribution hotspots.(2) The factors contributing to the formation of hollow villages vary according to the village type and increase notably as the degree of hollowing increases.These factors involve four dimensions: ecological environment, resource endowment, economic income, and location and transportation, and can be classified into two categories: preventive factors and governance factors.In the regulation of hollow villages, a combination of prevention and governance measures, comprehensive measures and tailored measures based on the categories should be adopted, following the principle of "governance for severely hollow villages, prevention and control for moderately hollow villages, and balancing prevention and control with governance for slightly hollow villages".(3) The population hollowing of traditional villages needs to be prevented and governed not only by village classification, but also by county zoning.At the county level, based on the distribution of hollowing villages and the hollowing pattern, the middle reaches of the Yellow River can be divided into five types of prevention and governance zones, including prevention zones, monitoring zones, general governance zones, key governance zones, and demonstration governance zones, with differentiated prevention and governance strategies adopted accordingly.