地理与地理信息科学

创业活动链接科技创新和产业创新，是促进经济社会高质量发展的重要引擎。该文基于1990—2020年的新创企业数据，采用核密度和空间自相关等方法刻画河南县域创业活动的时空演化特征，借助时空地理加权回归（GTWR）模型探究其影响因素，并与以往创业活动研究进行对比。研究发现：(1)研究期内河南省创业活动经历了起步发展、缓慢增长、快速成长、蓬勃发展和转型升级5个时期，整体迈入量质并重阶段。(2)河南省创业活动由郑州“单核驱动”转为郑洛“双核联动”，最后呈现“多中心集聚”的格局；以中原城市群核心城市为中心，具有良好创业资源的地区互相辐射，呈现高密度空间毗邻态势；而省域东部和南部受传统企业文化和商业模式影响，产业发展呈现路径依赖特征，创业活力不强。(3)技术资源、信息化程度及产业环境对河南创业活动均呈正向促进作用；受金融资源分配不均、人口众多且高素质人力资源相对匮乏等地域嵌入性特征影响，金融实力和人力资源对河南省创业活动未呈现大范围正向促进作用。通过差异化地域特征对比，可为丰富创业研究体系作出贡献，为后发地区借助创业活力赋能高质量发展提供决策参考。

Entrepreneurial activities serve as a critical link between scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation,acting as an important engine for promoting high-quality economic and social development.Based on data from new ventures from 1990to 2020,this study takes Henan Province as a case study area,and employs kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis to portray the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of entrepreneurial activities at the county-scale.The geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model is applied to investigate influencing factors,and comparisons are made between Henan and other regions examined in previous entrepreneurial activity studies.It is found as follows．(1) Since the 1990s,entrepreneurial activities in Henan have undergone five developmental stages:initial emergence,slow growth,rapid expansion,vigorous development,and transformation and upgrading.The province has now entered a phase emphasizing both the quantity and quality of entrepreneurial ventures．(2) The spatial agglomeration of entrepreneurial activities in Henan has evolved from a " single-core drive" centered in Zhengzhou to a " double-core synergy" involving Zhengzhou and Luoyang,and finally into a " multi-center cluster" pattern.Core cities within the Central Plains Urban Agglomeration radiate entrepreneurial opportunities to surrounding areas with favorable conditions,resulting in high-density spatial clustering.In contrast,eastern and southern parts of the province exhibit weaker entrepreneurial dynamism due to path dependency in industrial development influenced by traditional business culture and models．(3) Similar to findings at the national level and in developed regions such as the Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,technological resources,informatization,and industrial environment positively influence entrepreneurial activities in Henan.However,due to regionally embedded characteristics such as uneven financial resource distribution and a large but relatively low-skilled labor force,financial capacity and human resources do not show broad positive effects on entrepreneurial activities in Henan.By comparing the differentiated characteristics of the influencing factors of entrepreneurial activities in different regions of China,this study contributes to enriching the entrepreneurship research system and provides policy insights for less-developed regions to leverage entrepreneurial vitality for high-quality development.