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城市消防救援空间可达性评估是提高消防服务效率和优化消防资源分配的重要手段，该文以南京市为研究区，通过高德地图的路径规划API构建消防站等时圈，分析消防站等时圈的空间分布模式和辖区覆盖率以及在不考虑辖区限制下消防等时圈对南京市整体面积、人口和城市功能区的覆盖情况。结果显示：南京市各消防站时圈主要分为“四周型”和“狭长型”,在国家规定的5 min可达标准下，所有消防站均无法完全覆盖其辖区；南京市各消防站5 min、10 min和15 min等时圈的平均覆盖率分别为14.24%、55.09%和74.86%,其中火灾密集区比非密集区覆盖率分别高14.11%、47.61%和39.89%;在不考虑消防站辖区约束的情况下，南京市3种等时圈的覆盖率相比考虑消防站辖区约束情况下的覆盖率更高，3种等时圈城市功能区覆盖率分别达12.65%、70.17%和88.37%,人口覆盖率分别达10.65%、56.88%和75.98%;影响因素分析结果表明，南京市各消防站可达性与路网相关性最高，人口次之，城市功能区最低。根据南京市消防站的等时圈分布和空间可达性结果，总结目前消防资源布局不合理的问题，并对消防站未来发展提出建议。
Abstract：Spatial accessibility assessment of urban fire services is important to improve the efficiency of fire rescue and optimize the fire resource allocation.This paper proposes an isochrone model to measure the accessibility of fire services in the case study area of Nanjing, China.The model first used the AutoNavi Maps API to generate the isochrones of fire stations.Then, the pattern of isochrones was analyzed and the coverage rates of each fire station jurisdictional area by the isochrones were calculated.Last, the coverage rates of Nanjing land area, urban functional areas and population by the isochrones were calculated and analyzed.Results show that the shape of isochrones for fire stations in Nanjing includes two main types( "circle" shape and "narrow and long" shape) and the jurisdictional area of all fire stations cannot be fully covered by their 5-minute isochrones(the national standard).The average coverage rates of 5-minute, 10-minute and 15-minute isochrones for fire stations are respectively 14.24%,55.09% and 74.86% and the coverage rates in fire-intensive areas are 14.11%,47.61% and 39.89% higher than those of non-intensive areas, respectively.Without the constraints of the fire station jurisdictional areas, the coverage rates of the three kinds of isochrones are higher than the coverage rates with the constraints of the fire station jurits dictional areas, the coverage rates of urban functional areas are respectively 12.65%,70.17% and 88.37% by the 5-minute, 10-minute and 15-minute isochrones and the coverage rates of population are 10.65%,56.88% and 75.98% for the three isochrones, respectively.The road network is the largest impact factor on the accessibility of fire stations in Nanjing, followed by population, and the functional area is the smallest impact factor.According to the analysis of isochrones patterns and the accessibility of fire stations, unreasonable problems of current fire resource layout are summarized and the suggestions are put forward for the future construction and development of fire services in Nanjing, China.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TU998.14
引用信息:
[1]吴国豪,陈跃红,史春伟,等.等时圈模型支持下消防站空间可达性分析——以南京市为例[J].地理与地理信息科学,2023,39(02):17-24.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510601); 国家自然科学基金项目(42071315); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(B210202008)